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What are these jumbles of letters and numbers? When you start a new job, receive a pension, or change employment, you’ll likely notice a tax code on your payslip. Although, to many, this code looks like a random combination of letters and numbers it is actually the crucial piece of information that determines how much tax is deducted from your income. Understanding your tax code will empower you to check that you’re paying the correct amount of tax and, if necessary, correct the code with HMRC. What is a Tax Code? A tax code is used by your employer or pension provider to calculate how much income tax to deduct from your pay or pension. It’s based on your Personal Allowance (the amount you can earn tax-free each year) and any other factors that affect your tax situation, such as additional income or benefits. For the 2024/25 tax year, the standard Personal Allowance is £12,570 and will remain at this level for the 2025/6 tax year. This means most people can earn up to this amount without paying income tax. Common UK Tax Codes and Their Meanings Common codes can be broken down into three main categories: Standard Tax Codes 1257L: This is the most common tax code for people with one job or pension. It reflects the standard Personal Allowance of £12,570. BR: Stands for Basic Rate (20%). This code is used when all your income from this employment or pension is taxed at the basic rate, usually because you have more than one job or pension and the Personal Allowance has already been used up. D0: This means all your income is taxed at the higher rate (40%). D1: This code applies when all your income is taxed at the additional rate (45%). 0T: Used when your Personal Allowance has been used up, and all your income is taxable. Although similar to BR this code applies to all tax rates (20%, 40% & 45%). Emergency Tax Codes The term ‘Emergency Tax Code’ is often misunderstood. This code is most often used when HMRC does not have the information to calculate the correct tax code for an individual and should be corrected when the information does become available. Usually the code 1257L W1/ M1 is used which means that the Personal Allowance is being applied. The main difference is that tax is calculated on a weekly (W1) or monthly (M1) basis rather than cumulatively. You would most usually see this if you’ve started a new job and your previous tax details are not yet available 0T W1/M1 is another emergency tax code but this means that no Personal Allowance is being applied, leading to higher tax deductions. Worldwide and Non-Resident Tax Codes NT: No tax is deducted from your income. This is usually for non-UK residents or people with special tax arrangements. K: This code is used when untaxed income (e.g., state benefits or company benefits) exceeds your Personal Allowance, meaning additional tax is due. If your tax code begins with an S then it is a Scottish code and similarly if it is a Welsh code it will begin with a C . Other Special Tax Codes There are a number of letters that may also be applied to a tax code: T: Used when HMRC needs to review your tax code (e.g., for complex tax situations or multiple income sources). Y: For people born before 6 April 1938 who qualify for a higher Personal Allowance. L: Indicates entitlement to the basic Personal Allowance. M: Given to someone receiving the Marriage Allowance from their spouse. N: Given to someone transferring part of their Personal Allowance to their spouse. How to Check and Change Your Tax Code Your tax code will appear on your payslip, P60, or P45. If you think your tax code is incorrect, you can: Check Online: Log into your personal tax account on the HMRC website . Contact HMRC: Call HMRC to request a review or correction. Seek Professional Advice: If you’re unsure, a tax advisor can help you navigate your tax situation. Why Understanding Your Tax Code Matters Getting your tax code right is essential to ensure you’re not overpaying or underpaying tax. An incorrect tax code could lead to an unexpected tax bill or a delay in receiving a refund. By understanding your tax code, you can take control of your finances and avoid unnecessary stress. Need Help with Your Tax Code or Finances? Tax codes can be confusing, especially if you have multiple income sources or complex financial arrangements. At MPower Accounting, we’re here to help! Our team of experts can guide you through your tax obligations, ensure your tax code is correct, and help you maximise your income. Contact MPower Accounting today for personalised advice and support. Let us take the stress out of tax so you can focus on what matters most. Sources: HMRC (HM Revenue & Customs): Tax Codes Overview: HMRC Tax Codes Guide Personal Allowance and Tax Codes: HMRC Personal Allowance Emergency Tax Codes: HMRC Emergency Tax Marriage Allowance: HMRC Marriage Allowance K Tax Code: HMRC K Code Non-Resident and NT Code: HMRC Non-Resident Tax Scottish Government: Scottish Tax Codes and Rates: Scottish Income Tax S Prefix Tax Codes: Scottish Tax Codes Welsh Government: Welsh Tax Codes and Rates: Welsh Income Tax C Prefix Tax Codes: Welsh Tax Codes General Tax Information: Understanding Tax Codes: Money Advice Service - Tax Codes Tax Codes for Multiple Jobs: HMRC Multiple Jobs

The Bank of England has halved its growth forecast for 2025 as it reduced interest rates to their lowest level in over 18 months. The UK economy is now expected to grow by 0.75% in 2025, down from the previous estimate of 1.5%. Despite this downgrade, Bank of England Governor Andrew Bailey expects a "pick-up" in growth, though he emphasised the need for gradual and careful rate cuts due to economic uncertainties. The latest interest rate cut—from 4.75% to 4.5%—signals the Bank’s continued efforts to stimulate economic activity while managing inflation risks. What This Means for Small Businesses in the UK For small businesses, the interest rate cut and lower growth forecast have both benefits and challenges: Positive Impacts Lower Borrowing Costs: Businesses relying on loans, credit, or overdrafts may see slightly reduced repayment costs. This could help with cash flow and investment decisions. Potential Increase in Consumer Spending: Lower interest rates might encourage consumer borrowing and spending, benefiting sectors like retail, hospitality, and services. Reduced Mortgage Payments for Business Owners: Many small business owners with tracker or variable-rate mortgages could see a slight drop in their monthly payments, potentially freeing up more funds. Negative Impacts Slow Economic Growth (0.75% instead of 1.5%): Businesses might experience reduced demand and slower revenue growth due to weaker economic conditions. Rising Employment Costs from April 2025: The increase in employers' National Insurance contributions could make hiring more expensive, discouraging expansion and investment. Inflation Expected to Rise (3.7%): Higher energy and water bills will increase business operating costs, especially for energy-intensive industries. Lower Confidence & Uncertainty: Businesses may hesitate to invest or expand due to economic instability. The Mortgage Impact: Who Benefits? Tracker Mortgage Holders: Around 629,000 homeowners with tracker mortgages will see an estimated £29 reduction in monthly payments. Standard Variable Rate (SVR) Holders: Nearly 700,000 people on SVRs must wait to see if their lenders adjust rates accordingly. Fixed-Rate Mortgage Holders: No immediate change, but they may find better deals when renewing. Savers: Those relying on savings for income, such as retirees, may see lower returns on savings accounts. What Next? The Government’s Response Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer emphasised the need to "turn the economy around" with a focus on infrastructure, planning, and nuclear energy. However, businesses remain concerned about higher employment costs and stagnant growth. Chancellor Rachel Reeves has introduced measures to stimulate the economy, but critics argue that the employer National Insurance hike will increase costs for businesses, making it harder to invest or hire staff. Shadow Chancellor Mel Stride warned that while rate cuts are good news for families and businesses, the government’s "disastrous Budget" could limit further rate cuts this year. Take Control of Your Finances with MPower Accounting With rising business costs, inflation concerns, and economic uncertainty, small businesses need strategic financial planning now more than ever. Mpower Accounting specialises in helping small businesses across London, Kent, and Sussex navigate financial challenges. Whether you need help managing rising payroll costs, improving cash flow, or planning for tax efficiency, Mpower Accounting has you covered. How MPower Accounting Can Help Your Business Optimise payroll & plan for the National Insurance hike Improve cash flow management to navigate economic shifts Access expert financial advice to make smarter business decisions Prepare for tax changes & ensure compliance Book a consultation today and get expert support tailored to your business! Stay ahead of economic changes with the right accounting partner. Photo by Tim Mossholder on Unsplash

Self-assessment tax, between navigating tax codes, understanding what to include, allowable expenses, and the deadlines, it’s easy to feel like you’re spinning in circles with no clear direction, a bit like being on a Magic Roundabout! Well with that in mind I’ll hand over to some much loved characters to explain more... On a sunny day in Tax Meadows, Dougal the dog, Florence, Zebedee, and the gang gathered around to talk about a magical thing called Self-Assessment . Boing went Zebedee and said, "Self-Assessment is telling the Tax Gardeners at HMRC about how many seeds you’ve made from the lovely flowers in our magic meadow. If you’ve made more seeds that you planted you have to pay some of them back to them to keep the meadow looking lovely!” Young Florence, who didn’t know much about the Tax Gardeners also asked, "and who has to tell them, don’t they know already?" Zebedee nodded wisely. “If you have a job, your employer will tell them but if you’re like Ermintrude the cow, selling flowers at the market, or Brian the snail, renting out your shell as a holiday home, you need to do tell them about all the income you earn!” Dougal wagged his tail, “When do we have to send it to the Tax Gardeners?” Boing went Zebedee, as he couldn’t contain his excitement at being the Tax Gardeners expert. “You must file by 31st January and pay the seeds you owe them or they might start blowing dandelion fluff everywhere and we don’t want that! “Yes, don’t be late," warned Ermintrude, "or they'll send Soldier Sam with a nasty letter!" Zebedee looked put out that she had butted in and his spring, for once, didn’t boing! Ermintrude continued, pleased to have something better to do than chew the flower in her mouth! “First, there’s the arrival of a £100 fine —a little like an unexpected boing from Zebedee, but far less delightful. This fine appears whether or not you owe any tax. If you dawdle for three months, you’ll meet another twisty challenge. Now it’s £10 per day , up to a maximum of £900, like being chased, if rather slowly, around the roundabout endlessly by Brian. After six months, an extra 5% of tax owed (or £300, whichever is greater) is added to the dandelion mix.” The sun had started to set, Florence smiled and said, "So, Self-Assessment isn’t scary—it’s just about telling the Tax Gardeners the truth and helping the meadow thrive!"  "Exactly!" Zebedee laughed. “Be a Brian, start off early, take it slow but steady and you’ll get there in plenty of time. Boing when Zebedee one last time, “Time for bed and tomorrow we’ll work on keeping our meadow blooming!” I hope you enjoyed our visit to the Magic Roundabout, a fun look at Self-assessment tax. If you haven’t been a Brian please do contact us now and we can wave our magic wand to make your self assessment return go away!

The season of peace and goodwill is well and truly upon us! And for many this heralds that most joyous of events, the staff Christmas party!! Apparently the most popular day for this event is the Thursday of the second week of December, who knew? Drinks and meals out are the usual staff treat, some with a twist such as themed events or dance and karaoke nights. Some of my clients have been more adventurous in their offering with my personal favourite being a class in natural life drawing! Fortunately it was a mild December. Whatever the event there are some simple rules that need to be followed to ensure that The Revenue will join in the fun with you. HMRC allows businesses to spend up to £150 per head per year on staff events, including a Christmas party. This allowance is an exemption , not a relief . If you exceed the £150 per head limit, the entire amount becomes taxable, not just the excess . Now to be totally clear, this limit does include VAT and applies to the total cost of the event, including venue hire, food, drinks, entertainment, accommodation, and transport. This £150 per head allowance applies across all staff events in a single tax year and if you hold multiple events, e.g., a summer barbeque and a Christmas party, the combined cost per head must not exceed £150. Finally, any events held do have to be open to all members of staff, whether you like them or not! If you are really generous you may also want to give Christmas gifts to your team. HMRC will allow you to do this without tax or national insurance implications if they can be deemed trivial benefits. To do this they must cost £50 or less and not be part of their contract or a reward scheme. Bottles of wine, boxes of chocolates and in the case of my adventurous client, a set of crayons, are all perfectly acceptable. Do the revenue enter into the Christmas spirit? They do in part but their Secret Santa stocking isn’t overflowing and any gifts they give can be taken back if the rules aren’t followed. To keep Scrooge at bay it is essential to keep accurate records showing that you have understood and properly followed the guidelines. So I hope that whatever Christmas treat you have planned for you and your team it is a fabulous festive celebration. And don’t forget to lift a glass to thank the HMRC for being more Santa’s little elf helpers rather than the full on Scrooge! Wishing you all a Happy Christmas and a very prosperous New Year. 

Most of you will probably think the latter. If you are an employee, you’ll probably be pleased that you’re going to have the same take home pay as you did before the budget so why worry about the rest? Well, you should because your hard-earned money is not going to be worth as much going forward due to this budget. So rather than the usual budget round up lets dig deeper into the impact on us all of the increase in Employers National Insurance rate . Although all businesses will be impacted by this measure it is the smaller ones that will feel the greatest effect. Small businesses are heralded as the backbone of our economy. Small and Medium Enterprises (SME’S) make up 99% of all UK businesses, employ 61% of total employees and produce a combined turnover of £2.4 trillion. I work with owners of such enterprises and they are the hardest working people I know. Running a small business can be very rewarding personally but often not financially. It is simply a myth that owners of SME’s sit back and enjoy the profits of others labours; most are working long hours every day just to make ends meet. The rise in National Insurance Contributions, arguable the biggest measure in the budget, will have a devastating effect on this the backbone of our economy. An increase in the rate to 15% coupled with the lowering of the threshold when it is paid to £5, 000 is forecast to generate £20 billion in tax revenue. Yes, the allowance every business receives before contributions are payable has increased to £10, 500 but really this is just a small drop in the growing ocean of the tax burden. The additional cost to a small business of this measure alone will be enough to push some owners to call it a day and close their doors. That will be a hard blow for some of those 61% employed workers affected by company closures; it won’t matter what was on their payslip as they no longer will receive one. Business closure is just one impact from this increase. This measure is a tax on jobs, on working people, absolutely guaranteeing lower wages and higher prices. Tax and employee national insurance contributions may not have increased on the payslip but the amount of money any worker receives will be worth less going forward. The Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) have already forecasted that 76% of the increase in Employers National Insurance will be passed on to everyday people through lower real wages, a combination of pay freezes/cuts and increased prices. So, the definition of who the working person is has once again been dangerously misunderstood. No wonder that we are already hearing of owners who have decided they can no longer continue. The Labour government claims that this is a budget for growth but already the OBR has downgraded the UK’s forecast for growth. How can there be growth without our small businesses, the backbone of the British economy. It is not a green light for our economy, the future is not even orange. Like the colour of the party that is responsible for delivering on the budget promises, the future could very easily be red. It is without doubt that we are all going to pay the price for Labour’s extensive spending plans so I hope that they invest our money wisely. We are experts in small business and have analysed all the budget announcements and how they may affect SME’s. We can assist you with understanding how the increase in both National Insurance contributions and also minimum wage will affect your business and help you develop strategies to minimise the impact of this additional cost burden. Get in touch with us today to discuss how we can support your business through these changes and ensure you’re well-prepared for the future.

With the electric car market opening up significantly in the past few years, offering e-cars to your employees through a salary sacrifice scheme can be a highly attractive proposition. With the tax incentives available and purchasing and leasing options, it is important to fully understand how to navigate these to ensure that the promised benefits are enjoyed by both the employer and employee.

On the 30th October 2024 the Government will deliver the first Labour budget for over a decade. More than that, it will be the first budget ever to be delivered by a woman, Chancellor Rachel Reeves.

Xero is rolling out new subscription plans in the UK starting from September 12, 2024. These changes will simplify the current offerings by replacing the existing Starter, Standard and Premium with three new plans: Ignite , Grow , and Comprehensive . Additionally, the Ultimate plan will remain in place but be enhanced to offer more features. New Plans Overview Ignite is aimed at small businesses just starting out and includes essential accounting tools. Grow is designed for businesses looking to expand, offering more comprehensive tools, including payroll and expense management. Comprehensive provides full accounting and payroll capabilities, suitable for businesses with employees. Key points to note These new plans will bundle features that were previously add-ons, such as Xero Payroll, Xero Expenses, and Analytics Plus, into the base subscription. This change aims to reduce complexity and provide more value for the same or slightly adjusted pricing. The new plans are available from 12 September 2024 and you can move to a new plan when you like. However, Xero recommend waiting until they email you with your new proposed plan before migrating. This will happen late September 2024. Existing users will be gradually migrated to these new plans, with those benefiting from more features at the same or lower cost being transitioned first in February 2025. For users who may face a price increase, the migration will be delayed until September 2025 to allow for a smoother transition. Current plans price increases In addition to the new plans and their subscription fees the current plans as they stand are going to subject to a price increase from the 12th September 2024. Starter will increase to £16 per month, an increase of £1 per month. Standard will increase to £33 per month, an increase of £3 per month. Premium will increase to £47 per month, an increase of £5 per month. Ultimate will increase to £59 per month, an increase of £4 per month. Conclusion The change in pricing for existing plans combined with the upgraded new subscription plans has caused some confusion for Xero users. It is important to be aware of what change is going to impact you and when. Regarding the new plans Xero customers also need to know exactly what their new subscription is going to give them and what additional add ons may need to be purchased. MPower Accounting is a certified Xero advisor and we are on hand to assist you with the successful migration of your subscription to ensure you have the right Xero product at the best price point for your business. Please get in touch .

Self-assessment is the system used by HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) to collect Income Tax from individuals. Tax is usually deducted automatically from wages, pensions, and savings, but people who run businesses, rent property or have multiple income streams must report it in a self-assessment tax return. Who Needs to File a Self-Assessment Tax Return? You must send a tax return if, in the last tax year (6th April to 5th April), you were: Self-employed as a ‘sole trader’ and earned more than £1,000 (before deducting anything you can claim tax relief on). A partner in a business partnership. Receiving income from renting out property. Earning tips and commission. Receiving income from savings, investments, and dividends. Having a total income over £100,000. Claiming Child Benefit and your income (or your partner’s) was over £50,000. Make a profit (capital gain) on the sale of any assets, such as a house you don’t live in. Key Deadlines Registering for Self-Assessment: by 5th October following the end of the tax year you need to file for. Paper Tax Returns: by the 31st October. Online Tax Returns: by 31st January following the end of the tax year. Paying Tax Owed: by 31st January following the end of the tax year. Payments on Accounts: by the 31st July the year following the end of the tax year. If you’ve never filed a tax return before, you will need to register for Self-Assessment online. This involves setting up an account with HMRC. After registering you will receive your 10 digit Unique Taxpayer Reference (UTR). Completing and submitting the tax return can be a complex task. You will need details of business income and expenses, other income, pensions and dividends and other tax-deductible items such as allowances and donations. Using a professional will ensure that everything is reported correctly and that you declare and pay the correct amount of tax. Accounting professionals will have use of bespoke software through which they can file directly to HMRC saving you valuable time while also giving you peace of mind. Tax due needs to be paid by the 31st January the following and if a payment on account is due this will need to be paid by the 31st July. So what are Payments on Account? Payments on Account are advance payments towards your tax bill. They are made twice a year by taxpayers who file a self-assessment tax return, with the goal of spreading the cost of the tax liability more evenly across the year. Who Needs to Make Payments on Account? You must make Payments on Account if your last self-assessment tax bill was more than £1,000. You do not have to make Payments on Account if more than 80% of your tax was collected at source (e.g., through PAYE). How Payments on Account Are Calculated? Each payment is half of your previous year's actual tax bill. For example, if your tax bill for the 2022-23 tax year was £4,000, you will make two Payments on Account of £2,000 each for the 2023-24 tax year. When are Payments Due? The first payment is due by 31st January during the tax year which it applies to. It is paid at the same time as the tax that is due from the previous year. The second payment is due by 31st July following the end of the tax year on the 5th April. The Balancing Payment If your actual tax bill for the current year is higher than the Payments on Account made, you will need to pay the additional amount by 31st January following the end of the tax year. If your actual tax bill is lower, you will receive a refund or you can offset it against future tax bills. Adjusting Payments on Account If you expect your income to decrease and believe your tax bill will be lower than the previous year, you can request to reduce your Payments on Account. However, if you do reduce the payment and the amount due is more than you paid you will be liable for interest payments on the unpaid amount. It is always best to complete and file the return before the end of July to be certain of the amount that is due. Tips for Managing Self-Assessment Keep Accurate Records: Maintain detailed records of all your income and expenses. Use Software: Consider using accounting software to help manage your finances and make filing easier. Plan for Payments: Set aside money throughout the year to cover your tax bill to avoid a financial crunch. And remember that if you need to make payments on account you will need to save more than just the current tax bill. Seek Professional Help: By engaging the services of an accounting professional you will have the assurance that your tax return has been completed correctly and all relevant information has been used. Even with simple returns it is easy to make errors which could lead to costly penalties and fines… and even worse, paying more tax than you should. M:Power Accounting are specialists in self-assessment tax and can lift the burden of compliance from you. We will ensure that your tax return is correct and filed on time. The earlier a return is filed the more accurate any reduction of payments on account will be. We don’t want you to pay a penny more to the tax man than you should. Please contact us to see how much we can help you. Let us deal with your tax return so that you can spend more time enjoying the things you like to do. Image credit: Photo by Nataliya Vaitkevich

Bookkeeping is the backbone of any successful business, ensuring that financial records are accurate, up-to-date, and compliant with legal requirements. In the UK, there are different specific regulations and practices depending on whether your business is a Limited Company or files taxes through the self-assessment process. In both cases efficient bookkeeping crucial not only to ensure taxes are reported correctly but also to provide ongoing management information to improve critical business decisions.

As an employer, you may be approached by an employee needing a loan for personal reasons, financial hardship, cost of a travel pass, child care fees . . . the list could go on. What do you do? And more importantly what are the tax implications of helping a loyal employee out?

Last autumn the government passed a law to increase National Insurance Contributions (NICs) from April 2022.  That date is now upon us, so what will it mean to the everyday tax payer? NICs are a levy paid by employees and the self-employed

Welcome to the start of a new series of videos and vlogs from M:Power accounting

So why could filing your self-assessment return early save you money? So many people who need to file returns wait until the last minute but this could cost unnecessary expense in payments on account to the Revenue.

Updates on funding and assistance Bounce Back Loan Scheme (BBLS)

Updates on funding and assistance With the easing of lockdown comes a number of changes to the Governments economic initiatives to help businesses whose trading has been disrupted by Covid-19. Please find below updates to the funding and assistance that has been available: From 1st August the Job Retention Scheme will change as outlined in the table

The collapse of Thomas Cook will leave many with the holiday blues. Founded in 1841 by businessman Thomas Cook, the company organised railway outings for members of the local temperance movement.  Some 178 years later, it had grown to a global travel group, with annual sales of £9bn, 19 million customers a year and 22,000 [...]

Paula tours The North By popular demand Paula is speaking at ICB events in York and Newcastle.  With her own personal insights and years of experience she will be giving valuable advice in how to ensure that your practice thrives while adhering to AML and GDPR regulations.

ICB Oxfordshire half day workshop Paula is one of the guest speakers of the inaugural Oxfordshire ICB workshop. Starting at 11am and going through the afternoon this event will equip local bookkeepers to add value to the service that they give their clients.

Take Care Out There In this new presentation Paula will be giving bookkeepers in Lincolnshire sound advice and practical pointers on how to run their practices safely and securely to ensure continued success. Branch meetings are open to all ICB members, please go to

I’m sure that all of us look forward to the summer weeks, evenings on the patio, pimms or gins and BBQ’s, well that’s if the British weather plays ball!!  So far this year it’s been heat wave one day and record rainfalls the next, no wonder so many of us decide to go abroad for [...]

Speaking at the Warwickshire Branch, Kenilworth Paula will once again present her most popular talk, VAT Chat, at this ICB event in Warwickshire.  Branch meetings are open to all ICB members so do contact the ICB directly for further details. Links www.bookkeepers.org.uk

As the Conservative leadership contest heats up the major contenders have already made pledges on tax reforms; Boris raising the higher tax threshold to £80,000, Raab cutting basic rate of income tax from 20% to 15%, but perhaps the most interesting announcement came from Gove pledging to scrap VAT and replace it with a Sales [...]